Benzene

Kekulé in 1865 introduced the structure of benzene who has a molecular formula C₆H₆. Six atom carbon on benzene arrayed and circularly forming hexagon irregular with bond angle of respective-respective 120 degrees. Bond between the carbon is double bonds two and a single bond who criss seling, like the shown in following picture.

Source of picture: from here

1. The nature of Benzene

Physical properties benzene as follows.

a. Benzene is a compound that does not colorless and have a odor which distinctive.

b. Benzene intangibles liquid at a temperature of chamber (27 ⁰C).

c. Boiling point benzene is 80.10 0C, whereas melting point benzene is -5.5 ⁰C.

d. Benzene not can soluble in water but soluble in the solvent nonpolar.

e. Benzene is a liquid who easy evaporate.

Chemical properties benzene as follows.

a. Benzene constitute a flammable liquid, are carcinogenic, and nonpolar.

b. Benzene more easily experiencing reaction to substitution rather than adduct.

c. Benzene can undergo reactions halogenation. Benzene can be react with halogen with catalyst iron (III) chloride form the halide benzene and acid chloride. Example:

d. Benzene can undergo reactions sulfonation. Benzene reacts with sulfuric acid forming acid benzene sulphonate, and water. Example:

e. Benzene can experiencing the nitration reaction. Benzene reacts with nitric acid generating nitrobenzene and water. Example:

f. Benzene can experiencing alkylation reaction. Benzene reacts with alkyl halide forming alkyl benzene and acid chloride. Example:

2. Usability Benzene and their Derivation

Usability benzene which is main is the as solvent and the as the raw material manufacture of compounds-compounds other aromatic which constitute derivative compound benzene. Here this some derivative compound benzene and its usefulness.

a. Toluene

Toluene is used as solvent and as the base material for make TNT (trinitro toluene) namely compounds that used as an explosive (dynamite).

b. Styrene

Styrene is used as the base material manufacture of synthetic polymer polystyrene through process polymerization. Polystyrene a lot used to make insulator electricity, doll, insoles shoe, plates, and cups.

c. Aniline

Aniline is the basic ingredient for the manufacture of substances-substances color of diazo. Aniline can be be changed become salt diazonium with the help of nitrous acid and acid chloride. Salt diazonium hereinafter converted into a variety sorts of substances colors, such as Red # 2 who used as dye wool and silk.

d. Benzal dehida

Benzal dehida is used as an astringent preservative as well as of raw materials the manufacture of perfume because has a odor which distinctive. Benzal dehida can be to condense in with acetals dehida so as generate cinnamaldehyde (oil cinnamon).

e. Phenol

Phenol who known as carbolic or lisol function as substance disinfectant.

f. Acid Benzoate and their Derivation

Some derivative from acid benzoic who often dgunakan as follows.

1) Acid acetyl salicylic or better known with designations aspirin or asetosal who ordinary used as a drug relievers a sense of pain (analgesic) and-lowering heat (antipyretic). By because it was aspirin also used as a headache remedy, ache dental, fever and sick cardiac. The use of in the long term may lead to irritation lining mucosal on gastric so that give rise to sick mag, kidney disorders, allergies, and asthma.

2) Sodium benzoate which is ordinary used as a preservative food in cans.

3) Methyl salicylate constitute major component liniment or wind oil.

4) Acid terephthalate constitute fiber materials synthetic polyester.

5) Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has the function which same with the aspirin but more safer for gastric. Use of paracetamol which Excessive can cause interference kidney and liver.